Why Do Elderly People Get Thick Toenails

Why Do Elderly People Get Thick Toenails

Why Do Elderly People Get Thick Toenails?

If you’ve noticed the toenails of an elderly loved one becoming thick, yellow and unsightly, you’re not alone. Having thickened, discolored toenails is an extremely common condition among older adults. But what exactly causes this and is it something to be concerned about?

Why Do Elderly People Get Thick Toenails

Toenail Aging Process

As we age, our toenails get thicker and grow more slowly. This natural aging process is due to diminished metabolic rate, nutritional deficiencies, and decreased blood circulation to the nail bed and nail matrix (root). The slowed growth makes it easier for debris and keratin protein to accumulate, thickening the nails.

Fungal Nail Infections

One of the most frequent causes of severely thickened, crumbly, discolored toenails in the elderly is a fungal infection known as onychomycosis. Older adults have a higher risk due to reduced immunity, poor circulation, excessive nail trauma, and difficulty with proper nail grooming. Fungus thrives in dark, moist environments like inside shoes.

Ill-Fitting Shoes

Many elderly people develop foot deformities like bunions over time, making it difficult to find properly fitted shoes. Excessive pressure and friction from shoes that are too tight can cause trauma to the toenails, allowing fungus and debris to collect and thicken the nail over time.

Underlying Health Conditions

Certain medical conditions can also contribute to thickened toenails in seniors. Diabetes, peripheral arterial disease, psoriasis, and other circulatory and autoimmune diseases can impact nail growth and health. Medications and vitamin deficiencies may play a role as well.

Injury/Repetitive Trauma

For active older adults, activities that involve repetitive trauma to the feet like hiking can lead to thickened toenails over time. Even something as simple as ingrown toenails or improper nail trimming can eventually cause nail deformity if not properly treated.

While very thick, yellow toenails are unsightly, they usually don’t cause serious problems beyond possible pain, difficulty walking, and infections if they split or crack. However, it’s still a good idea for elderly patients to have persistent toenail abnormalities evaluated by their podiatrist to determine the underlying cause and get appropriate treatment if needed. Proper footwear, good hygiene, and regular toenail trimming can help keep nails healthier.